Thursday, May 7, 2009

How can natural selection explain the world distribution of human skin color before the age of modern travel?

how can natural selection explain the world distribution of human skin color before the age of modern travel?

How can natural selection explain the world distribution of human skin color before the age of modern travel?
Look at the climates that various ethnic groups originated in and the corresponding skin colours. Those from northern climates tend to be paler - less sunlight equals less pigment, because it isn't as necessary to protect from ultraviolet radiation. In warmer or hot climates, skin colour tends to be darker to stop ultraviolet radiation from penetrating past the skin (the pigments in the skin absorb the light before it can reach and damage DNA).
Reply:People with darker skin absorb less of the sun's energy and have less adverse effects from the sun, such as burns, skin cancer, etc. Thus, people with darker skin were healthier and mated more, spreading dark skin genes to their ancestors. People in cold, less sunny climates need to absorb more energy from the sun, so having light skin would have been an attribute in colder climates. This would cause lighter skinned people to be more successful and have more offspring. Differences in climate can also explain why people have different body types. Someone in Africa would be better off with a tall, thin body because there would be less surface area for the sun to hit and no excess fat to make them overheat. Likewise, someone in Alaska would be better off with greater surface area to absorb the sun's rays and more fat to insulate them from the cold.


Is The Dust Under Our Bed Really Old Human Skin?

I saw Dust under my bed the other night i thought dat it was Old Human Skin?


Is It true?

Is The Dust Under Our Bed Really Old Human Skin?
It's true and so is the answer about dust mites. Dust mites eat dead skin cells and then "poop" it out and it floats away, that's where most household dust comes from.
Reply:No. I doubt it. Could be dust mites though!
Reply:No... that's the dust in your sheets
Reply:Probably some of it. To prevent "Dust Mites" Bed bugs" Roaches and, Silver fish plus who knows what. The bedding, the curtains and all other things considered with the bedroom should be cleaned at least three times a week


Your providing the perfect atmosphere for all these pestilence insects. Soon when you start itching and, start getting little red bites you'll wonder what it is, then you'll be on here looking for advice for it.





Why let it get out of hand, start now with the bedding, wash everything at least three times a week with hot water. Then vacuum the mattress and flip it over once a week. Do the comforter too or, the spread. then under the bed and, the curtains.

yew

What are the difference between a frog and human skin?

what are the difference between a frog and a human skin

What are the difference between a frog and human skin?
My first immediate thought is toad's skin is more porous. Toads allow more water (as well as other fluids) in and out of the skin than human skin.





Some breeds of toad ooze bacteria and/or poison out of their skin.





And it's much thinner.





Just off the top of my head, hope it helped :)
Reply:one's on a frog and the other's on a human.
Reply:Humans are warm blooded mammals with body hair and sweat glands on their waterproof skin. Frogs are cold blooded amphibians that can absorb and excrete water (as well as breathe through) their skin. Many can excrete toxins through the skin, and these tend to be aposomatic in colouration. Some can even change the colour of the skin (like a chameleon) through hormonal regulation to aid camouflage and assist in thermoregulation (They are ectotherms).
Reply:One slimy one is not.


What kind of chemical/s that can damage human skin badly?

Any solutuions that you know which can allergic human skin? In a bad way. I need it for my paper. Thanks!

What kind of chemical/s that can damage human skin badly?
Strong acids and caustics (like lye) are not allergic reactions. These chemicals actually decompose the skin itself.





The skin can also be harmed by strong oxidizers and reducing agents (like Sodium hydride or NaH). These also are not allergic reactions, but chemical reactions which destroy the skin.





Allergic reactions are caused by chemicals called antigens which trigger the immune system. Everything from heavy metals to foods to medications to perfumes to household products to poison ivy to pollen and dust can cause a reaction. The complete list would probably include millions of chemicals.





Take a look at the site below.
Reply:any acid or base


they all burn u
Reply:histamine,for starters.strong acids or bases.
Reply:acids and bases will create burns......anything that oxidizes strongly like hydrogen peroxide (not the 3% stuff u buy in stores)....anything labeled, corrosive, toxic, genetic mutanagen you should probably be careful with. Some acids are stronger than others. I got burned bad with formic acid once. HF is deadly, it barely burns skin, but is adsorbed into the body and decalcifies your bones which clogs the heart and results in death (as little as an hour).
Reply:A good example of a caustic acid would be one that had a low pH. For example, sulfuric acid is highly corrosive not only to the skin, but all other substances as well. Salicylic acid will corrode the skin, and it is used to treat warts.





Hope this helps.
Reply:chemical damage to the skin is usually caused by corrosives, such as acids and bases. However, this is completely different to an allergic reaction, which is usually caused by biologicals and is a skin respons, rather then a corrosive simply eating the skin away. Allergens are frequently enzymes, e.g. enzymes in washing powder can cause allergic reactions...


As you move northward from sub-Saharan Africa, human skin color becomes progressively lighter...?

As you move northward from sub-Saharan Africa, human skin color becomes progressively lighter. Explain that observation in the context of vitamin D synthesis and folic acid metabolism.

As you move northward from sub-Saharan Africa, human skin color becomes progressively lighter...?
All I can say on the topic. The further north you go the more likely you'll have less skin exposed to sunlight. People wear clothing to keep themselves warm. Skin colour must pale so that your body can absorb more sunlight to manufacture vitamin D.





Most of us now are walking around in t-shirts and shorts, but try doing that naked, it gets cold fast...
Reply:because of natural selection, certain genes that coded for skin pigments became more common in certain areas. vitamin D and folic acid must control this for some reason?
Reply:maybe it depends on the amount of light received by that area....with more sunlight there would be more of those stuff( i don't remember what it's called....forgot after my exams)...hey wait i remember...its called something...melanin pigment or something...so those stuff are more in number....the colour of the skin is darker........these pigments are produced and maintained with the help of vitD which is received from sunlight....and the amount of light decreases as we move away from the equator....i can't explain in more detail...
Reply:If you look at the climate in sub-Sahara, you'll notice a very hot day and a very cold night; this is due to long sun exposure to that surface of the earth. As you move northward in Africa, the climate is more Mediterranean, steady temperatures and much less sunlight. Therefore, after thousands and thousands of years, the people of sub-Sahara region most of whom are Tuareg (AKA blue men) have a much darker skin but don't have the facial physionomy of black African, such as nasal cavities, cheek bones, lips, and so on. This also implies that the very North of Africa has mostly Caucasians, a lot of whom are blonds blue eyed people, having the exact look as Europeans.


I hope this helps :)


What fruit, or object such as a sponge is the human skin most compared to? HELP ASAP!?

THIS IS FOR MY SCIENCE FAIR TOPIC!! WHAT IS HUMAN SKIN MOST LIKE IN TERMS OF FRUIT OR OBJECTS ETC. THE WAY OUR SKIN HAS PORES AND HOW OUR SKIN ABSORBS AND HYDRATES LOTION AND COSMETIC PRODUCTS...HELP HELP ASAPP!!!

What fruit, or object such as a sponge is the human skin most compared to? HELP ASAP!?
a sponge?
Reply:When doctors are first learning how to use a syringe or a diabetic is learning how to give themselves a shot, they tell them to use an orange to practice on.

pine

I neeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeed (desperately) a link for a picture of a human skin cell. can anyone help me?

im doing a projec for school and it requires a drawn image of a human skin cell. we are supposed to find a link for one then draw it (while supplying a link) in proper lab form. i have been searching different things for 2 hours, and my classmates somewere around there. if anyone could type in alink for a labeled human skin cell that u can clearly see the nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasme, and/ or other important parts, please let me know!!!!





thank you sooooo much!!!***greatly appreciated!!!

I neeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeed (desperately) a link for a picture of a human skin cell. can anyone help me?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28bio...





does this help any?
Reply:http://www.lancs.ac.uk/postgrad/whitesij...


HELP! i need to come up with a poster about human skin.?

do you guys have any ideas? i need to come up with a poster on human skin for a presentation that lasts 10 min, or better yet do you guys have a better idea for a presentation? It's on human skin, for my science class. thanx i would luv it. i'm in 8th grade, and i need this to be finished by monday october 21st. thanx.

HELP! i need to come up with a poster about human skin.?
Human skin can breath
Reply:If I were you, I'd go into skin diseases!


What is the respective pH values of Cat Skin, Dog skin, and Human skin?

I am trying to find out whether or not human skin lotions, etc., are ok for use on my cat . I know they are not ok for dogs...

What is the respective pH values of Cat Skin, Dog skin, and Human skin?
THE ANSWER IS NO!





If you feel your cat has a skin condition, consult a vet. If you can't afford to, simply ask a groomer or an employee at a nicer pet supply shop if they offer any mild conditions ment for cats.





Typically, a diet high in Omega Fatty Acids should keep a cats skin and fur healthy. So check the lable on its food and see if it offers a fair amount. If not, both Iams and Purina makes foods that do.





Never NEVER NEVER use any product ment for a human on an animal.
Reply:Just stick with stuff that is made specifically for cats. Your cat will be much better off if you do.


What reactions of sodium hydroxide on human skin?

we need to find out what kind of reactions happen when a chemical base is put onto human skin for our chemistry class. This is to teach the kids in high school that these chemicals are as dangerous as anything else in a lab. If you or anyone else can find any pictures that will be also very helpful for them to see what will happen in they do not take the precautions when dealing with chemicals.

What reactions of sodium hydroxide on human skin?
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is the active ingredient in drain cleaners and oven cleaners. This stuff reacts with (eats) organic materials. Emergency room staff can tell you about people who get this stuff on them and suffer severe burns.

sago

How many chromatids does a normal human skin cell have during prophase of mitosis?

How many chromatids does a normal human skin cell have during prophase of mitosis?





A. 23


B. 46


C. 92


D. 46 or 92, depending on whether it’s early or late prophase


E. 0





Could you also give me a percentage% of how sure you are? Thank You Very Much.

How many chromatids does a normal human skin cell have during prophase of mitosis?
C. 92 The chromatin material duplucated during the S phase of interphase. During prophase it condenses into the chromatids. 100%
Reply:C. 92





During prophase the chromosomes are double-stranded; they have two chromatids apiece. They are not separated from each other until anaphase. Since we have 46 chromosomes, there are 92 chromatids in prophase.





Note, D. is NOT the correct answer because the DNA is already doubled when prophase begins.





I am 100% sure that the answer is C.
Reply:C ...the 1st reply says they move to opposite poles in prophase...this is wrong..they do that in anaphase!!! just thought i'd make that clear


In what ways do the onion skin cells differ from the human skin cells?

In what ways do the onion skin cells differ from the human skin cells?

In what ways do the onion skin cells differ from the human skin cells?
Onions taste good with Hamburgers...Humans go well with Fava beans, and a nice bottle of Chianti.
Reply:Onion skin cells have cell walls and a large vacuole.
Reply:Onion cells contain rNA and human skin cells contain DNA


Does any one know how to preserve human skin that is skin from cadavers?

I'd like to know if theres a way to preserve human skin that has tattoos ( from dead people

Does any one know how to preserve human skin that is skin from cadavers?
Ahhh!! An art collector.


Try ethyl alcohol (ethanol) 70% and 30% water or


use a solution of the gas formaldehyde in water, called formalin.
Reply:formaldehyde should work. what are you doing with dead people?
Reply:Step One: BBQ


Step Two: EAT


How does ph affect the human skin?

I am having a science fair at my school. My question is, How does ph affect the human skin?

How does ph affect the human skin?
Extreme pH(s) will affect the human skin adversely. In low pHs (acidic) the skin is pretty much dissolved. This is usually highly painful, fortunately for me, I have never spilled extremely concentrated acid on my body. However, at high pHs (basic) the fats in the skins begin a process in which i turns into a soap and litteraly slides off the body (gruesome) as bases are caustic! This isn't nearly as painful as acid burns however.








ACIDS:





"Strong acids and most concentrated acids are dangerous, causing severe burns for even minor contact. Generally, acid burns are treated by rinsing the affected area abundantly with running water (15 minutes) and followed up with immediate medical attention. In the case of highly concentrated acids, the acid should first be wiped off as much as possible, otherwise the reaction of the acid dissolving in the water could cause severe thermal burns. In addition to dangers from the acidity, even dilute solutions of weak acids may also be dangerous, due to toxic or other effects of the ions involved. See an appropriate MSDS for more specific information."





BASES:


"A strong base is a base which hydrolyzes completely, raising the pH of the solution towards 14. Strong bases like strong acids attack living tissue and cause serious burns. They react differently to skin than acids do so while strong acids are corrosive, we say that strong bases are caustic."





Be very careful with all chemicals!
Reply:pH,Whether very high or very low,will corrode the skin.Acid will become very corrosive at pH 1 but alkaline will become corrosive at pH 9
Reply:it does affect the skin .


for eg conc H2SO4(low ph) has a very strong dehydrating effect on the skin.


while conc. HNO3(low ph) damages the skin to some extent %26amp; also imparts a yellow colour to it.
Reply:they have described well abt the effects of pH on skin...in the followin website...


http://www.cwimedical.com/incontinence-s...


hope it helps...

crocus

Helppp! plzz..mutations in human skin cells?

If a mutation takes place in a human skin cell, will that


mutation be passed on to the person's offspring? Explain


your answer.

Helppp! plzz..mutations in human skin cells?
No.


Only mutations in the sex cells can affect the next generation, because it is only genetic information in the sex cells that only get passed on.
Reply:I would say no, if the DNA in the reproductive cells is unchanged then in theory, it's impossible for the mutation to be passed on to offspring.





Here's a quote form a genetics web site:





"Some of these mutations happen in DNA that is in the cells of our body other than sperm or eggs. These are called “somatic mutations”. For example, we can get mutations in our skin cells from sunlight and get skin cancer.





But these kinds of mutations won’t be passed on. For a change to be seen in the next generation, mutations need to occur in the DNA of cells that produce our eggs and sperm. These are called “germline mutations.” "
Reply:No, that mutation would not be passed on to any offspring because the skin cell does not make the reproductive cells, also called gametes. Only mutations in the cells of the ovaries or testes that are responsible for making gametes would pass the mutation to the offspring.


How much skin is shed from the human body in a year...on average?

I've heard that most of the dust that collects in your home is made up of shedded human skin, but how much?

How much skin is shed from the human body in a year...on average?
about 9,000,000 cells
Reply:2 miles


How far will human skin stretch?

is it possible for a human to outgrow his skin?

How far will human skin stretch?
Stretch marks are the scarring of the skin that occurs when you grow faster than your skin.


Usually you don't outgrow your skin though.


And how far will it stretch?


if you are normal, it grows with you, and you can pull it say 1/2 an inch off your fingers, etc..


if you have ehlers-danlos, it can stretch farther.
Reply:you would never believe it, until it actually does it
Reply:It starts to tear if you grow too big too fast. That's how you get stretch marks.
Reply:No, Human skin can be stretched beyond its limits, and then some.
Reply:not too far. But far enough.
Reply:YOur skin will stretch how far you can stretch
Reply:I once heard of a man who was eleven hundred pounds, couldn't get out of his room. I think this is the man Jerry Springer helped by removing a wall in the house and taking him to the hospital.
Reply:you ever seen a live birth? not that far.
Reply:I wouldn't worry about your skin stretching beyond limits. you can stetch a 6 inch skin up to two feet long. you must be fat? I wouldn't worry about your skin, but I would worry about my health .if you're talking about being fat. like high blood pressure, diabetes.


Worms that gets under the human skin and all threw the human body what type of worm is it?

I WOULD LIKE TO KNOW WHAT KINK OF WORM CAN LIVE UNDER THE HUMAN SKIN AND ALL THREW THE HUMAN BODY AND LAY SOME KIND OF WHIT EGGS IN THE BODY

Worms that gets under the human skin and all threw the human body what type of worm is it?
There are several different types of worms and parasites that do this and the result is always painful.





One of the more famous is the Guinea Worm, because the Carter foundation has been working on eradicating it, along with River Blindness.





The Guinea Worm enters into the human foot as a larva, grows inside the human body and then exits through the ... look away if you are particularly squeamish ...








The eye.





After it has lef the human host's body, it then lays eggs in the mud so they can enter another human and begin the cycle again. The worms seem to have no other function than to irritate people.
Reply:A tape worm?
Reply:Gross as it sounds, there are all kinds of worms that can inhabit the human body...round worm, pin worm, tape worm, hook worm





My optometrist showed me a photo of a worm in someone's eye once! It came from something the person ate, and the worm traveled through the blood stream and ended up in the person's eye. It was very small, like a white thread.
Reply:there is 2 many of worms but maybe u mean this


Parasitic worms are worms that are parasitic on animals, including humans. Some of them are intestinal parasites; ex: roundworms, tapeworms and nemathelminthes (nematomorpha). Others, e.g. guinea worm live under the skin.





A number of infectious diseases are worm infections, e.g. ascariasis is the roundworm infection.

freesia

What causes human skin color?

Human skin color is the result of





a. sex-linked recessive inheritance.


b. simple dominance.


c. codominance.


d. polygenic inheritance.


e. one pair of genes showing incomplete dominance.

What causes human skin color?
d
Reply:i dunno but i hope some one answers this question...but i heard it was e..that black skin is suppose to be an defect or something...


Why are human skin colored slightly brown around the anal opening?

Why are human skin colored slightly brown around the anal opening?

Why are human skin colored slightly brown around the anal opening?
So you can find it.
Reply:I don't EVEN want to know how you know that.





TX Mom
Reply:MINE ISN'T
Reply:Maybe its colour coordination so that people know where to stick things! or where not to stick things.
Reply:Poop stains accrued over time?
Reply:Because you can't truly hide the fact we're all African decent?? Is that what you were hoping for? lol
Reply:tannic acid in some foods like coffee and tea are expelled and dye the skin opening as it leaves.
Reply:Why do you want to know is the better question...?





You know this was a dumb question buddy.
Reply:i think because the skin is tougher cuz alot of things take place in there :::wink wink:::
Reply:I dunno, im too busy laughing at the other answers.
Reply:Good question! I'm really curios what answers your going to get.
Reply:That's because you sh*t all the time...here's a better question though...why are you so focused on the anus? Things that make you go, Hmmm!?!
Reply:Why are you looking there?
Reply:What a question....





maybe because your skin is more concentrated and shriveled up in that area, to accommodate difering sizes of poop so it looks darker when its closed. I don't know...





like a balloon looks darker when its not inflated


How does human skin color show the connection between environment and fitness for people who live primitive li

how does human skin color show the connection between environment and fitness for people who live primitive lifestyle?(stone age technology)?

How does human skin color show the connection between environment and fitness for people who live primitive li
It doesn't have to do with lifestyle.





Humans originated in Africa with dark skin while living in a climate where there was 12 hours of sun every day of the year.





As people moved north into Euorope where there were shorter daylight hours in winter, they needed to be able to absorb more sun during the short daylight time. This is because sun on the skin produces vitamin D for the body. The farther north and the darker the skin, the poorer the survival rate and the lower the number of successful offspring. Over lots of years, those with lighter skin absorbed more sun and thus were less vitamin D deficient with the result of lighter skin meaning better survival rates and more offspring.